For gastritis, in addition to drug treatment, other therapeutic methods are used - traditional treatment methods, diet.What can you eat during a diet for stomach gastritis to get the effect of such treatment?
General information about the diet for gastritis
Gastritis treatment is usually complex and includes, in addition to drug therapy, various diets.Diet for gastritis means a lot, because dry food, snacks on the run (hot dogs, pizza, etc.), irregular food, too cold or hot food and a large amount of spices can cause exacerbation of gastritis.
Gastroenterologists prescribe diet and drug treatment for gastritis according to the type of disease, disturbing symptoms and causes that lead to the onset of the disease.Patients may be bothered by pain, heaviness and burning in the epigastrium, fullness in the stomach, hunger after eating, belching, vomiting, increased salivation, decreased appetite, and indigestion.
Diet for gastritis, especially during the acute period, should not contain foods that irritate the stomach.What diet should you follow?The prescribed diet depends on the severity of the exacerbation (attack) in the patient;besides, the type of diet depends on the level of stomach acidity.
If you have gastritis, exclude the following types of food from your diet:
- any soup;
- animal fat;
- fried, spicy food;
- smoked meat, any snacks;
- fatty meat and fish;
- pickled and pickled vegetables;
- mushrooms (due to difficult digestibility);
- several types of cereals - corn, cereals, barley, pearl barley;
- fresh berries;
- fermented milk drink, sour cream;
- some vegetables and seasonings - onions, garlic, turnips, turnips, white cabbage;
- vinegar, ketchup, mayonnaise, pepper, spices, sauce;
- some types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, carbonated, undiluted sour fruit juice.
During the exacerbation of the disease, dietary nutrition promotes remission of the disease, therefore, foods that strongly affect secretion and act as irritants are excluded from the diet.
Products that irritate mucous membranes
Mechanical irritation is caused by:
- many tables;
- the use of cartilage, stringy meat, chicken skin;
- consumption of a large amount of crude fiber, which is found in beans, radishes, raisins, currants, grapes, gooseberries and bran bread.
Fried food has a maximum mechanical effect on the gastric mucosa.To a lesser extent, this effect is performed by dishes prepared by baking in the oven or using a double boiler.
Chemical irritation caused by products from the following list:
- soups, stews of vegetables and mushrooms;
- various spices;
- canned food;
- fried and smoked foods (meat and fish);
- pickled, pickled, pickled vegetables;
- boiled eggs;
- ketchup;
- rye bread, cakes, pastries made from butter dough - pies, pastries, pies, cookies;
- fermented milk products;
- unripe sour fruit;
- some types of raw vegetables - onions, garlic, turnips, turnips;
- some types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, alcoholic and carbonated drinks.
The chemical effect that food can have on the gastrointestinal tract is shown by the presence in it of extractives, organic acids, table salt, water-soluble sugars, and essential oils.
Thermal irritation is caused by very hot or very cold food - dishes with a temperature of less than 15 ° and more than 57-62 ° C are irritating, and cold food taken on an empty stomach increases intestinal motility.The most acceptable food temperature is around 37-38°C.
The diet is selected according to its qualitative composition, the method of culinary processing of the product (heat treatment - frying, boiling, steaming, baking), and the level of grinding.
Soft diet and fasting
A soft diet, in addition to eliminating irritants, provides fractional food, this facilitates digestion and absorption of food.It is better to eat pureed, warm, non-greasy dishes that have a juice-like effect - milk, milk porridge, eggs, boiled lean fish, steamed meat.
Sometimes it is considered advisable to fast, because the consumption of any food causes an increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid.With short-term food abstinence, the acidity of the stomach decreases, the production of saliva, bile, and peristalsis also decreases.
The greatest effect of fasting days is observed during the exacerbation of the disease, when the complete refusal to eat alternates with the use of light food.With this eating schedule, toxins and waste products leave the body faster.But there are contraindications to fasting - it is not used for severe weight loss, anorexia, when carrying a child, and is not used for children.
Fasting should not immediately begin with the complete rejection of food.First, they switch to light food (for example, kefir), spend 5 days on such a light diet and then switch to fasting.
Fasting can be in two options: with the first option (dry fasting), drinking water is prohibited, the second option allows drinking still mineral water or only boiled water.On the second day you are allowed to drink weak tea, this lasts 4-5 days.Getting out of hunger strike starts with taking rice water and wheat crackers.Then they start eating liquid boiled oatmeal, rice and semolina porridge, made with water or with a little milk.It is good to eat mucus soup or grain infusion with soup during the day.The use of fresh vegetables and fruits is excluded.
Separate food
Nutritional options when the diet does not allow simultaneous intake of fat, protein, and carbohydrates are called separate meals.For example, meat should not be eaten with starchy and green vegetables.Green vegetables can be combined with many foods: fats, proteins, grains.Confectionery products (flour) and sugar are eaten separately from all meals to avoid fermentation, belching and heartburn.
By following the principles of separate nutrition, you can normalize digestion, metabolic processes in the body, and lose weight.Properly combined food is absorbed faster, does not cause fermentation, and no toxic substances are formed in the blood.
Speed of food production
To facilitate digestion and elimination of food from the body, it is not recommended to take liquid and solid food simultaneously.Liquid and mushy food leaves the stomach faster than solid food, so it is recommended during a diet to increase the speed of food passage.
Prunes and raisins remain in the stomach for a long time;if gastritis worsens, it is not recommended to take it in the first few months.
It also affects the speed of movement of food and its type - protein, carbohydrate or fat.Carbohydrates leave the body the fastest, followed by protein, and only fat stays the longest.Fat has little effect on the production of gastric juice, but it increases the length of time food remains in the stomach, because fat is difficult to break down - the longer food remains in the stomach, the stronger the release of hydrochloric acid.During the exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to avoid fat.
The purpose of the diet
When prescribing a diet, many factors are taken into account, including concomitant diseases of the gallbladder, pancreas, and intestines.If you are prone to diarrhea, diet No.4 set;if symptoms of chronic cholecystitis or pancreatitis are present, diet No.5 prescribed (with the exception of whole milk and the reduction of fresh vegetables and fruits).The duration of the diet is also selected individually.A strict diet, prescribed in the acute stage, is kept for 1-2 months.But the basic rules of proper nutrition must be followed for many years.
The prescribed diet also depends on the form and type of course of the disease.In the case of acute gastritis, erosive (ulcerative) and exacerbation of chronic gastritis, a strict diet is prescribed;during the period of remission, the diet is slightly developed.For any type of gastritis (superficial, hypertrophic, subatrophic, hyperplastic, hemorrhagic, catarrhal, focal, mixed reflux gastritis, etc.), alcohol, smoking, fatty, fried and spicy foods are strictly prohibited.
For gastritis, the goal is to restore the normal activity of the stomach, regenerate the affected area of the mucosa, normalize acidity and digestive enzyme activity.
What can you eat if you have acute gastritis?
In the form of acute gastritis, it is recommended not to eat on the first day;you are allowed to drink tea and mineral water.From the 2nd day you can eat by including in the diet: liquid porridge (preferably oatmeal), mashed potatoes (liquid with water), soft boiled eggs, jelly.A strict diet is required during the period of exacerbation;when symptoms subside, the diet is expanded.With low acidity, it is recommended to eat more foods that help the secretion of hydrochloric acid;with high acidity, vice versa.
| Calms the stomach | They act annoying |
| Mineral drinking water without gas, weak tea | Alcoholic and carbonated drinks |
| Weak vegetable soup | Coffee, cocoa (low fat) |
| porridge | Salty food |
| Well-cooked lean meat and fish | All fried, pickled, smoked dishes |
| Pureed vegetables (potato, rutabaga, carrot, cauliflower) | Rich, strong gravy |
| Cottage cheese | Canned food, spices |
| Fresh white bread | Black bread |
| sugar | Eggs (yolk only) |
Diet for chronic gastritis
In this case, diet No. 2 is prescribed.The composition of the food should vary;the diet should contain foods that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice and increase appetite, which is reduced in such patients.
Allowed and prohibited products for chronic gastritis:
| allowed | prohibited |
| Lean meat or fish, soup with low-fat broth (meat or fish) | Fatty meat and fish |
| Marinated herring, caviar (black) | Cold drinks |
| Boiled, boiled, baked vegetables, herbs - dill, parsley | Fresh bread |
| Fruit and vegetable juices, soft apples | Pastry products |
| Soft-boiled eggs, cheese (light), lean ham | Lots of grapes or cabbage |
| Stale rye bread | Salty, spicy dishes |
| Loose porridge with water or a little milk | milk |
Due to the fact that patients with this form of gastritis often do not tolerate milk well, it is recommended to consume fermented milk products (kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt) - fresh and as a casserole or pudding.
Features of the diet for hypoacid gastritis
Eating should be done at least 5 times a day.Therapeutic nutrition is followed for 2-3 months after the acute period.It is good to supplement your diet with vitamin and mineral supplements.
In this case, at the beginning of the exacerbation, a strict diet is followed, the purpose of which is to reduce the aggravation.After this, they begin to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice.The prescribed diet for low acidity is diet No.
Table of permitted and prohibited products for low acidity (hypoacid gastritis):
| allowed | prohibited |
| Rabbit, chicken, lean meat in the form of meatballs, meatballs, cut | Fried food, baked food |
| Lean fish, fish soup | Alcoholic drinks |
| Meat soup, soup - vegetables, fruits, nuts | Salty, spicy and seasoned dishes (hot pepper, pepper, mustard, garlic) |
| Vegetable purees, stews, salads from beets, carrots, potatoes, zucchini (except spinach and dark chocolate) | mushrooms |
| Sour cream, kefir, milk, cottage cheese, cheesecake, liquid cream, a little butter, soft cheese, steam omelette, soft boiled egg | Rough string, fatty meat, pork |
| Fruit juice (excluding grape juice), compote, rosehip stew, black currant berries | Raw vegetables, including turnips, turnips, onions, fresh cucumbers, sweet peppers, rutabagas, cabbage;pickled vegetables |
| Weak tea (with milk), water with lemon and sugar | Grape juice and whole grapes, prunes, raisins |
| White crackers, dry biscuits | Fresh bread, pastry pastries |
| porridge | Smoked products (meat and fish) |
| Jelly meat | milk |
| Sweet berries (raspberries, strawberries) and pureed fruits;jam, compote, jelly | Legumes, grains – pearl barley, corn, barley, grains |
| Pasta | Okroshka |
It is recommended to drink mineral water 20-30 minutes before meals.
The diet is followed for about 3 weeks, it all depends on how you feel.After reducing the inflammation, you can gradually start stimulating the production of hydrochloric acid - cook a stronger meat soup, sometimes serve a pickled cucumber or a piece of herring for lunch, you can eat a sandwich with grain caviar.To stimulate the production of gastric juice, half an hour before eating you need to drink lemon juice diluted with water (0.5 cups).
It is allowed to eat fried food, but without bread.It is good to start taking bitters from herbs - to increase appetite and sense of taste.Drinking kumiss is good for secretion;drinking kvass is not dangerous, but you should not get carried away because it increases the process of gas formation.You can also drink coffee, but not more than 1 cup per day.
Further, the diet was expanded, and it was allowed to consume cocoa, kefir, and strong tea.If you feel healthy, the diet develops after a few months - you can eat almost everything, but you can't use too much salt, spices, cabbage, and grapes.Hot dishes are a must at breakfast and lunch.
An example of a menu for the period of exacerbation of gastritis:
- morning breakfast– weak tea with milk and oats;
- second breakfast- apples (baked);
- have lunch– compote, steamed pieces of meat with a side dish of buckwheat porridge, soup with meatballs;
- dinner– vegetable puree, cottage cheese (can be with jam);
- before bed:a glass of kefir with white crackers.
Diet for hyperacid gastritis
With hyperacid gastritis, you need to eat at certain hours, in small portions, 5-6 times a day.It is important to chew food thoroughly - crushed food does not injure the mucous membrane, and during chewing, more gastric juice and saliva are produced, which help digest food.All dishes should be minimally flavored and salty.
The first few weeks of the diet are almost identical to low acidity.The difference is that with gastritis with high acidity, it is useful to consume more dairy products and milk to normalize the high acidity.
If milk causes bloating or diarrhea, then it can be diluted - drunk, added to tea.If this does not help, then it is replaced with slimy soup.
All food should be pureed, warm, chopped.A few weeks later, after a strict diet, foods that have little effect on gastric juice synthesis are added.The principle of fractional food is also preserved.The diet should be rich in protein to restore stomach cells.
For hyperacid gastritis, diet number 1 is recommended (it is good for weight loss).Then - diet 1A for up to 10 days, after - diet 1B and No. 1 (up to several months).
List of permitted and prohibited products:
| allowed | prohibited |
| Stewed lean meat: rabbit, chicken, pigeon.Dishes made from it, boiled in water or steamed, in the form of meatballs, cut, souffle | Spicy dishes, smoked and fried (or baked with a crust - grill), sausages, sausages |
| Low-fat fish - hake, pink salmon, cod and other seafood | Rich meat and fish sauce |
| Pureed vegetables, grated vegetables - young peas, potatoes, beets, carrots;fresh cabbage juice | Coffee, tea, carbonated and alcoholic drinks, kvass, beer |
| Fruit jelly, jelly, puree (strawberry, raspberry, apple) | Cranberry, sour fruit or citrus juice |
| Porridge that boils well in water - semolina, rice, oats | Tomatoes, garlic, shallots, radishes, radishes, peppers, cabbage |
| Milk, fresh cottage cheese | Mustard, ginger |
| Steam omelet, soft-boiled eggs, milk, cream, fresh cottage cheese, casseroles made from it | Beans, chocolate |
| Slimy soup with added pure grains, pure milk porridge from various grains (except millet) | Marinade, pickle, seasoning, salt |
| White bread crackers | Fermented milk products |
| Sugar, honey | Coffee, alcoholic beverages |
| Rose hip stew with sugar, tea (with milk or cream) | Black bread |
An hour before eating, it is recommended to drink Borjomi alkaline mineral water (1 glass).
Oven-dried crackers are allowed to replace fresh black bread.It is recommended to add vegetable oil to the meal to speed up the healing process of mucosal damage that occurs with this type of gastritis.
Menu for aggravation:
- breakfast - steam omelet, pure milk porridge (oatmeal), tea with milk;
- second breakfast - milk with crackers;
- lunch - puree soup from a mixture of potatoes and carrots, steamed meat cutlets with a side dish of mashed potatoes, fruit jelly;
- afternoon snack - a glass of milk.
- dinner - boiled fish with a side dish of carrot and beet puree, tea with milk;
- at night - a glass of milk.
Food Recipes
For ease of preparation, they make an estimate of the diet menu for a week, taking into account the allowed food.It is very simple and follows the rules of the gentle cooking method when preparing dishes in a slow cooker.
Mucus soup is used during exacerbations and pain.Milk soup is used in diets 1A and 1B.More often this is a grain soup prepared with milk diluted with water (1:1).Puree soup is prepared with cereals, potatoes and carrots are added, after which everything is filtered and a little oil is added.
To prepare the main course, it is better to use cooking (steamed or in a water bath).This is how to prepare omelets, puddings, sauces, etc.The meat is boiled in small pieces (to remove the extract material from it), then the broth is drained, and the meat is cooked in new water.
Examples of recipes from foods that are allowed during the diet:
First course
Creamy squash soup with dill
Boil zucchini and potatoes and grind in a blender.Bring to the desired texture with vegetable broth, salt, add cream and finely chopped dill.
Slimy rice soup with minced chicken (breast) and cream
Boiled chicken filling is ground in a blender.The puree is mixed with rice water, lightly salted and boiled.Cool the soup to 70 °C, add the egg cream mixture and whisk.
Second course:
Turkey cutlets
Salted minced turkey, butter and wheat bread soaked in milk are added.Shape the pieces and steam them.
Delicious diet desserts:
Rice pudding with apples
Cook rice porridge, add grated apple, egg yolk and sugar.Beat the mixture and add the beaten white.Place in a mold and steam for at least half an hour.The finished pudding is poured with fruit jelly.
Curd souffle
Beat cottage cheese, yolks, semolina, milk and cream.Whipped whites are added to the mixture and mixed gently.The resulting mass is steamed.